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How Standardized Work Can Transform your Manufacturing

Posted by Sadia Waseem

Standard work is a critical aspect of any manufacturing process, and is essential for achieving consistent and efficient production. By establishing a consistent and well-defined method for completing a task, standard work can help eliminate confusion and errors, which can lead to significant time and cost savings. Additionally, by identifying and eliminating unnecessary steps in the process, standard work can improve productivity and reduce wasted resources.

However, standard work is often misunderstood and underutilized in the manufacturing industry. Engineers often mistake just “writing down steps” for standard work, whereas standard work needs to include workstation layout, process flow, takt time, work sequence and standardized tools. It needs to be reviewed, updated, and communicated regularly to ensure it remains relevant and effective. 

This article will cover best practices for sustaining standardized work and tackling any challenges that come with its implementation.

What is Standardized Work?

Standardized work is a systematic approach to defining the best, most efficient way to complete a task. In manufacturing, it involves creating clear procedures for how, when, and where work should be done. The aim is to reduce variability in a process so that every operator follows the same instructions and it is easier to maintain consistent product quality.

Lean Manufacturing and Standard Work

Standardized work is not just a format for documentation or work, instead, it is a basic of the Toyota Production System (TPS) philosophy that is connected with Kaizen. Kaizen means continuous improvement and standardized work is inextricably linked with it. Standardized work provides the baseline for kaizen to occur. It establishes a clear, documented process, which becomes the benchmark for improvement. Without a standardized process, it’s difficult to measure improvement

Benefits of Standardized Work

Before we move towards the framework required for the implementation of standardized work, let’s look through the benefits you get after the implementation of standardized work.

Benefits of standardized work
  • Increased Productivity: In standardized work, everyone is doing the same process in the same way, proven to yield maximum output and quality. Additionally, standardized work allows for smoother transitions between workers and shifts, ensuring that production continues without interruption. According to a Research, standardization of the work process in a manufacturing company increased the productivity of the process by 6.5%.

  • Improved Safety: Standardized work establishes best practices for safe work. When everyone is doing the process in the same way, there is less likelihood of accidents or injuries. During implementation of standardized work, it is ensured that a process is ergonomically feasible. Clear work instructions and sequences ensure that safety measures are consistently followed, creating a safer work environment.

  • Consistent Quality: Every aspect of standardized work is focused on reducing variability in the process, which leads to a consistent product quality, and saves rework.

  • Improved Communication and Teamwork: Standardized work ensures better communication within the team since everyone has access to the same sets of instructions and procedures. There is no disparity in communication, and everyone is responsible for doing the work the right way. It creates a sense of ownership in each employee, fostering a better work culture and teamwork.

  • Reduced Costs: Standardized Work can help to identify and eliminate waste, which can save money. It also optimizes utilization of resources, leading to lower expenses related to inefficiencies and rework. A study conducted on standardizing operative equipment concluded that after standardization reduced 20% average supply cost.

Pre-Requisite for Standardized Work:

Once you decide to standardize your work, there are few conditions that you need to fulfill to achieve and sustain it:

  • Ergonomic Feasibility: Make sure that your work is ergonomically viable for workers, so that they can perform any task without the risk of injuries. Your workers should be able to do the job safely within the time required and desired level of quality. You can use ergonomics assessment tools like REBA assessment, RULA assessmentNIOSH lifting equation, and Snook table to see whether your processes are ergonomically feasible or not.

  • Consistency and Repeatability: Make sure the process is in the right sequence and communicated clearly to all workers. Variations in a process is the biggest hindrance in achieving standardized work. Make sure every worker performs a process in the same sequence and way as communicated. It is difficult to track this manually for every shift, but software like Assembly Copilot solves can help you achieve consistency with live worker guidance and digital poke yoke system.

  • Equipment and Workplace Reliability: All equipment and tools that workers use during a process should be highly reliable. If any of these are not reliable or cause problems, either in time variations per cycle or frequent downtime situations, they will impact work greatly. You can ensure equipment reliability through weekly or daily maintenance checklists and periodic preventive maintenance
  • High Quality Material: Make sure the material you use is of high quality as well. Low-quality materials cause defective products and other issues that can cause variations in a process. Frequent defective products and quality issues disrupt workers and then they get involved in fixing issues rather than performing a process in the correct manner.

Key Components of Standardized Work

After fulfilling the necessary conditions for standardized work, you need 3 key components that must be present to ensure successful implementation of standardized work. These 3 components are:

Key Components of Standardized Work
  • Takt Time: Takt time is the time your product should be manufactured to meet customer demand.  It is commonly referred to as “time per part”. The formula for takt time is:
    Takt time: Available working time / Customer demand
    This means that you have an 8-hour shift per day and customers need 80 products in a day, so the takt time will be: 8/80= 0.1 hour or 6 minutes per part.

  • Work Sequence: Work sequence refers to the sequence of steps that must be followed to produce a product. The emphasis is on the sequence of a process rather than the steps of a process. Whenever a process is being performed, it should be completed in the same manner every time to avoid variation.

  • Standard Inventory: Standard inventory, also known as standard in-process stock refers to any stock or inventory that should be present to complete a sequence of a process as intended. For example, if the first step in the sequence requires a worker to place the part in the fixture, the part should be present in the fixture when the worker comes to the station. Like this, each step of the process should have proper in-process stock to avoid disruptions.

How to Implement Standardized Work

Now, that you are well aware of the prerequisites of standardized work, it’s time to move towards the implementation stage. Following is the step-by-step guide to implementing standardized work in your current process:

Steps to Implement Standardized Work
  1. Step 1: Observe and Analyze the Process
  • The first step is to observe a process on a factory floor as it is being performed. You need to observe 3 aspects: the steps involved in the process, the time taken for each step, and the resources used in each step. You could involve workers feedback in your observation by asking them questions about the challenges they face during a process or the things they think can be improved in a process. Record your observations so that you can use them later.
  1. Step 2: Find out Variation in the Process
  • There will be some sort of variation in the process. Look for any unusual steps that take longer to complete than others. Find out the variations and most importantly perform root cause analysis to find out the causes of variation. You can use root cause analysis techniques such as Fish Bone Diagram, 5 Whys, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and Pareto Chart to find out the causes.
  1. Step 3: Document the Standardized Work
  • Once you have an understanding of the process, the causes of variation, find out the ways to improve a process. Take everyone who is involved in the process on board and come up with best way to perform the work after discussion. When you document it, make sure it contains all information about the process like the steps and sequence, the resources used, the safety precautions that need to be taken, and the quality standards. You can document all of this information in the form of a Process capacity sheet, Standardized work combination table, or Standardized work chart.
Process Capacity Sheet Example
Standardized Work Combination Table Example
Standardized Work Chart Example

 

  1. Step 4: Training and Communication
  • After you are through with documentation, make sure you train workers on how to perform the process as per the standards. This training should be ongoing so that staff can stay up to date on any changes that occur afterwards. Use games, quizzes, and other activities to make the training more engaging.
  1. Step 5: Implementation and Monitoring
  • Once your staff is trained, start the implementation and monitor its effectiveness, which means tracking takt time, quality of the output, and waste quantity.  If your current standardized work is not effective, amend it and again monitor the effectiveness. Remember that it takes time to see the full benefits of standardized work.

    Standardized work is a continuous improvement process. It takes time and effort to implement it but eventually, you will observe the difference. By following all these steps, you can create standardized work that will help to improve the efficiency, quality, and safety of the process.

Conclusion

Standardized work transform your manufacturing process by increasing efficiency, improving safety, and reducing cost. It is possible that you face some resistance while implementing standardized work, but the long-term benefits far outweigh the challenges. The steps and conditions to implement standardized may seem lengthy, but you can use AI-powered software like Kaizen Copilot and Assembly Copilot to automate and streamline many factors involved in standardization.

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